Article Processing Charge (APC)- A fee charged by a journal/publisher for the preparation of a manuscript. Often these fees are applied when an author decides to publish their article OA in a hybrid journal. This fee is often paid by an institution or by using grant funds. Not all OA journals charge APCs.
Embargo- A period of time, as defined by a journal/publisher, during which a work can not be freely made available.
Metadata- Metadata, broadly, are data about data. Metadata can be collected for a wide variety of digital objects. In terms of scholarly publications, the metadata provide information that describe the attributes of the publication like the authors, affiliations, copyright status, etc.. In terms of scientific data, metadata describe the data set, including information such as how/when the data were collected, how variable names are coded, what software(s) can be used to process and analyze the data, etc..
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)- Provides the President and other members of the Executive Office of the President with advice on science, engineering, and technology and helps to coordinate policy efforts related to these matters.
Peer-Reviewed Scholarly Publications- The 2022 Nelson Memo defines these as "peer-reviewed research articles or final manuscripts published in scholarly journals, and may include peer-reviewed book chapters, editorials, and peer-reviewed conference proceedings published in other scholarly outlets" (2022 Nelson Memo, p. 3, Footnote 4).
Persistent Identifier (PID)- A long-lasting, unique reference to a digital resource such as a DOI (digital object identifier) for a publication or dataset or an ORCID for a researcher.
Public Access Repository- A digitalized storage location where publications and/or scientific data can be deposited for all individuals to access. Common public access repositories are PubMed Central, NSF-PAR, and PubAg.
Scientific Data- The Nelson Memo defines these as: "the recorded factual material commonly accepted in the scientific community as of sufficient quality to validate and replicate research findings" (2022 Nelson Memo, p. 4 Footnote 6).
The Memo goes on to say that "such scientific data do NOT (emphasis mine) include laboratory notebooks, preliminary analyses, case report forms, drafts of scientific papers, plans for future research, peer-reviews, communications with colleagues, or physical objects and materials, such as laboratory specimens, artifacts, or field notes" (2022 Nelson Memo, p. 4, Footnote 6).